The INA237 operates only as a secondary device on both the SMBus and I²C interfaces. Connections to the bus are made through the open-drain SDA and SCL lines. The SDA and SCL pins feature integrated spike suppression filters and Schmitt triggers to minimize the effects of input spikes and bus noise. Although the device integrates spike suppression into the digital I/O lines, proper layout techniques help minimize the amount of coupling into the communication lines. This noise introduction could occur from capacitive coupling signal edges between the two communication lines themselves or from other switching noise sources present in the system. Routing traces in parallel with ground in between layers on a printed-circuit board (PCB) typically reduces the effects of coupling between the communication lines. Shielded communication lines reduce the possibility of unintended noise coupling into the digital I/O lines that could be incorrectly interpreted as start or stop commands.

The INA237 supports the transmission protocol for fast mode (1 kHz to 400 kHz) and high-speed mode (1 kHz to 2.94 MHz). All data bytes are transmitted most significant byte first and follow the SMBus 3.0 transfer protocol.

To communicate with the INA237, the main device must first address secondary devices through a secondary device address byte. The secondary device address byte consists of seven address bits and a direction bit that indicates whether the action is to be a read or write operation.

The device has two address pins, A0 and A1. Table 7-2 lists the pin logic levels for each of the 16 possible addresses. The device samples the state of pins A0 and A1 on every bus communication. Establish the pin states before any activity on the interface occurs. When connecting the SDA pin to either A0 or A1 to set the device address, additional hold time of 100 ns is needed on the MSB of the I2C address to insure correct device addressing.