SBOS914F October 2018 – April 2021 INA592
PRODUCTION DATA
The interaction between the output stage of an operational amplifier (op amp) and capacitive loads can impact the stability of the circuit. Throughout the industry, op-amp output-stage requirements have changed greatly since their original creation. Classic output stages with the class-AB, common-emitter, bipolar-junction transistor (BJT) have now been replaced with common-collector BJT and common-drain, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Both of these technologies enable rail-to-rail output voltages for single-supply and battery-powered applications. A result of changing these output-stage structures is that the op-amp open-loop output impedance (ZO) changed from the largely resistive behavior of early BJT op amps to a frequency-dependent ZO that features capacitive, resistive, and inductive portions. Proper understanding of ZO over frequency, and also the resulting closed-loop output impedance over frequency, is crucial for the understanding of loop-gain, bandwidth, and stability analysis. Figure 9-4 shows how the INA592 closed-loop output impedance varies over frequency.
VS = ±18 V |