SNOSCY9A December   2014  – March 2018 LDC1612 , LDC1614

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. 1 Features
  2. 2 Applications
  3. 3 Description
    1.     Device Images
      1.      Simplified Schematic
      2.      Measurement Precision vs. Target Distance
  4. 4 Revision History
  5. 5 Pin Configuration and Functions
    1.     Pin Functions
  6. 6 Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6 Switching Characteristics - I2C
    7. 6.7 Typical Characteristics
  7. 7 Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1 Multi-Channel and Single Channel Operation
      2. 7.3.2 Adjustable Conversion Time
      3. 7.3.3 Sensor Startup and Glitch Configuration
      4. 7.3.4 Reference Clock
      5. 7.3.5 Sensor Current Drive Control
      6. 7.3.6 Device Status Monitoring
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 7.4.1 Startup Mode
      2. 7.4.2 Sleep Mode (Configuration Mode)
      3. 7.4.3 Normal (Conversion) Mode
      4. 7.4.4 Shutdown Mode
        1. 7.4.4.1 Reset
    5. 7.5 Programming
      1. 7.5.1 I2C Interface Specifications
      2. 7.5.2 Pulses on I2C
      3. 7.5.3 Multi Register Data Readback
    6. 7.6 Register Maps
      1. 7.6.1  Register List
      2. 7.6.2  Address 0x00, DATA0_MSB
        1. Table 1. Address 0x00, DATA0_MSB Field Descriptions
      3. 7.6.3  Address 0x01, DATA0_LSB
        1. Table 2. Address 0x01 DATA0_LSB Field Descriptions
      4. 7.6.4  Address 0x02, DATA1_MSB
        1. Table 3. Address 0x02, DATA1_MSB Field Descriptions
      5. 7.6.5  Address 0x03, DATA1_LSB
        1. Table 4. Address 0x03, DATA1_LSB Field Descriptions
      6. 7.6.6  Address 0x04, DATA2_MSB (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 5. Address 0x04, DATA2_MSB Field Descriptions
      7. 7.6.7  Address 0x05, DATA2_LSB (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 6. Address 0x05 DATA2_LSB Field Descriptions
      8. 7.6.8  Address 0x06, DATA3_MSB (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 7. Address 0x06, DATA3_MSB Field Descriptions
      9. 7.6.9  Address 0x07, DATA3_LSB (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 8. Address 0x07 DATA3_LSB Field Descriptions
      10. 7.6.10 Address 0x08, RCOUNT0
        1. Table 9. Address 0x08, RCOUNT0 Field Descriptions
      11. 7.6.11 Address 0x09, RCOUNT1
        1. Table 10. Address 0x09, RCOUNT1 Field Descriptions
      12. 7.6.12 Address 0x0A, RCOUNT2 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 11. Address 0x0A, RCOUNT2 Field Descriptions
      13. 7.6.13 Address 0x0B, RCOUNT3 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 12. Address 0x0B, RCOUNT3 Field Descriptions
      14. 7.6.14 Address 0x0C, OFFSET0
        1. Table 13. OFFSET0 Field Descriptions
      15. 7.6.15 Address 0x0D, OFFSET1
        1. Table 14. Address 0x0D, OFFSET1 Field Descriptions
      16. 7.6.16 Address 0x0E, OFFSET2 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 15. Address 0x0E, OFFSET2 Field Descriptions
      17. 7.6.17 Address 0x0F, OFFSET3 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 16. Address 0x0F, OFFSET3 Field Descriptions
      18. 7.6.18 Address 0x10, SETTLECOUNT0
        1. Table 17. Address 0x10, SETTLECOUNT0 Field Descriptions
      19. 7.6.19 Address 0x11, SETTLECOUNT1
        1. Table 18. Address 0x11, SETTLECOUNT1 Field Descriptions
      20. 7.6.20 Address 0x12, SETTLECOUNT2 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 19. Address 0x12, SETTLECOUNT2 Field Descriptions
      21. 7.6.21 Address 0x13, SETTLECOUNT3 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 20. Address 0x13, SETTLECOUNT3 Field Descriptions
      22. 7.6.22 Address 0x14, CLOCK_DIVIDERS0
        1. Table 21. Address 0x14, CLOCK_DIVIDERS0 Field Descriptions
      23. 7.6.23 Address 0x15, CLOCK_DIVIDERS1
        1. Table 22. Address 0x15, CLOCK_DIVIDERS1 Field Descriptions
      24. 7.6.24 Address 0x16, CLOCK_DIVIDERS2 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 23. Address 0x16, CLOCK_DIVIDERS2 Field Descriptions
      25. 7.6.25 Address 0x17, CLOCK_DIVIDERS3 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 24. Address 0x17, CLOCK_DIVIDERS3
      26. 7.6.26 Address 0x18, STATUS
        1. Table 25. Address 0x18, STATUS Field Descriptions
      27. 7.6.27 Address 0x19, ERROR_CONFIG
        1. Table 26. Address 0x19, ERROR_CONFIG
      28. 7.6.28 Address 0x1A, CONFIG
        1. Table 27. Address 0x1A, CONFIG Field Descriptions
      29. 7.6.29 Address 0x1B, MUX_CONFIG
        1. Table 28. Address 0x1B, MUX_CONFIG Field Descriptions
      30. 7.6.30 Address 0x1C, RESET_DEV
        1. Table 29. Address 0x1C, RESET_DEV Field Descriptions
      31. 7.6.31 Address 0x1E, DRIVE_CURRENT0
        1. Table 30. Address 0x1E, DRIVE_CURRENT0 Field Descriptions
      32. 7.6.32 Address 0x1F, DRIVE_CURRENT1
        1. Table 31. Address 0x1F, DRIVE_CURRENT1 Field Descriptions
      33. 7.6.33 Address 0x20, DRIVE_CURRENT2 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 32. Address 0x20, DRIVE_CURRENT2 Field Descriptions
      34. 7.6.34 Address 0x21, DRIVE_CURRENT3 (LDC1614 only)
        1. Table 33. DRIVE_CURRENT3 Field Descriptions
      35. 7.6.35 Address 0x7E, MANUFACTURER_ID
        1. Table 34. Address 0x7E, MANUFACTURER_ID Field Descriptions
      36. 7.6.36 Address 0x7F, DEVICE_ID
        1. Table 35. Address 0x7F, DEVICE_ID Field Descriptions
  8. 8 Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
      1. 8.1.1 Conductive Objects in a Time-Varying EM Field
      2. 8.1.2 L-C Resonators
      3. 8.1.3 Multi-Channel and Single Channel Operation
        1. 8.1.3.1 Data Offset
      4. 8.1.4 Sensor Conversion Time
        1. 8.1.4.1 Settling Time
        2. 8.1.4.2 Sensor Activation
      5. 8.1.5 Sensor Current Drive Configuration
        1. 8.1.5.1 Inactive Channel Sensor Connections
        2. 8.1.5.2 Automatic IDRIVE Setting with RP_OVERRIDE_EN
        3. 8.1.5.3 Determining Sensor IDRIVE for an Unknown Sensor RP Using an Oscilloscope
        4. 8.1.5.4 Sensor Auto-Calibration Mode
        5. 8.1.5.5 Channel 0 High Current Drive
      6. 8.1.6 Clocking Architecture
      7. 8.1.7 Input Deglitch Filter
      8. 8.1.8 Device Status Registers
      9. 8.1.9 Multi-Channel Data Readback
    2. 8.2 Typical Application
      1. 8.2.1 System Sensing Functionality
      2. 8.2.2 Example Application
      3. 8.2.3 Design Requirements
      4. 8.2.4 Detailed Design Procedure
      5. 8.2.5 Recommended Initial Register Configuration Values
      6. 8.2.6 Application Curves
      7. 8.2.7 Inductor Self-Resonant Frequency
  9. 9 Power Supply Recommendations
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Device Support
      1. 11.1.1 Development Support
    2. 11.2 Documentation Support
      1. 11.2.1 Related Documentation
    3. 11.3 Related Links
    4. 11.4 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    5. 11.5 Community Resources
    6. 11.6 Trademarks
    7. 11.7 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    8. 11.8 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

Package Options

Mechanical Data (Package|Pins)
Thermal pad, mechanical data (Package|Pins)
Orderable Information

8.1.2 L-C Resonators

An EM field can be generated using an L-C resonator, or L-C tank. One topology for an L-C tank is a parallel R-L-C construction, as shown in Figure 50.

LDC1612 LDC1614 electrical_model_sensor_snoscy9.gifFigure 50. Electrical Model of the L-C Tank Sensor

A resonant oscillator can be constructed by combining a frequency selective circuit (resonator) with a gain block in a closed loop. The criteria for oscillation are: (1) loop gain > 1, and (2) closed loop phase shift of 2π radians. The R-L-C resonator provides the frequency selectivity and contributes to the phase shift. At the resonance frequency, the impedance of the reactive components (L and C) cancels, leaving only RP, the lossy (resistive) element in the circuit. The voltage amplitude is maximized at this frequency. The RP can be used to determine the sensor drive current for a given oscillation amplitude. A lower RP requires a larger sensor current to maintain a constant oscillation amplitude. The sensor oscillation frequency is given by:

Equation 1. LDC1612 LDC1614 eq01_snoscy9.gif

where

  • C is the sensor capacitance (CSENSOR + CPARASITIC)
  • L is the sensor inductance
  • Q is the quality factor of the resonator. Q can be calculated by:

Equation 2. LDC1612 LDC1614 eq02_snoscy9.gif

where

  • RP is the AC parallel resistance of the LC resonator at the operating frequency.

Texas Instruments' WEBENCH design tool can be used for coil design, in which the parameter values for RP, L and C are calculated. See http://www.ti.com/webench.

RP is a function of target distance, target material, and sensor characteristics. Figure 51 shows an example of RP variation based on the distance between the sensor and the target. The graph represents a 14 mm diameter PCB coil (23 turns, 4 mil trace width, 4 mil spacing between traces, 1 oz. copper thickness, on FR4 material). This curve is a typical response where the target distance scales based on the sensor size and the sensor RP scales based on the free-space of the inductor.

LDC1612 LDC1614 ex_Rp_vs_distance_14mm_PCB_coil_snoscy9.gifFigure 51. Example RP vs. Distance with a 14 mm PCB Coil and 2 mm Thick Stainless Steel Target

It is important to configure the sensor current drive so that the sensor will still oscillate at the minimum RP value (which typically occurs with maximum target interaction). As an example, if the closest target distance in a system with the response shown in Figure 51 is 1mm, then the sensor current drive needs to support a RP value is 5 kΩ. Both the minimum and maximum RP conditions should have oscillation amplitudes that are within the device operating range. See section Sensor Current Drive Control for details on setting the current drive.

The inductance that is measured by the LDC is:

Equation 3. LDC1612 LDC1614 eq15_snoscy9.gif

where

  • L(d) is the measured sensor inductance, for a distance d between the sensor coil and target
  • Linf is the inductance of the sensing coil without a conductive target (target at infinite distance)
  • M(d) is the mutual inductance
  • ƒSENSOR = sensor oscillation frequency for a distance d between the sensor coil and target
  • C = CSENSOR + CPARASITIC

Figure 52 shows an example of variation in sensor frequency and inductance as a function of distance for a 14 mm diameter PCB coil (23 turns, 4 mil trace width, 4 mil spacing between traces, 1 oz copper thickness, FR4 material). The frequency and inductance graphs will scale based on the sensor free-space characteristics, and the target distance scales based on the sensor diameter.

LDC1612 LDC1614 D011_SNOSCY9.gifFigure 52. Example Sensor Frequency, Inductance vs. Target Distance
with 14 mm PCB Coil and 1.5 mm Thick Aluminum Target

The Texas Instruments Application Notes LDC Sensor Design and LDC Target Design provide more information on construction of sensors and targets charactersitics to consider based on system requirements.