SLES270A November   2012  – April 2015 TAS5548

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. 1 Features
  2. 2 Applications
  3. 3 Description
  4. 4 Revision History
  5. 5 Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. 6 Specifications
    1. 6.1  Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2  ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3  Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4  Thermal Information
    5. 6.5  Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6  Dynamic Performance
    7. 6.7  SRC Performance
    8. 6.8  Timing I2C Serial Control Port Operation
    9. 6.9  Reset Timing (RESET)
    10. 6.10 Power-Down (PDN) Timing
    11. 6.11 Back-End Error (BKND_ERR)
    12. 6.12 Mute Timing (MUTE)
    13. 6.13 Headphone Select (HP_SEL)
    14. 6.14 Switching Characteristics - Clock Signals
    15. 6.15 Switching Characteristics - Serial Audio Port
    16. 6.16 Volume Control
    17. 6.17 Typical Characteristics
  7. 7 Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1 Serial Audio Interface Control and Timing
        1. 7.3.1.1 Input I2S Timing
        2. 7.3.1.2 Left-Justified Timing
        3. 7.3.1.3 Right-Justified Timing
      2. 7.3.2 OUTPUT Serial Audio Output
      3. 7.3.3 I2S Master Mode
      4. 7.3.4 LRCKO and SCLKO
      5. 7.3.5 PWM Features
        1. 7.3.5.1 DC Blocking (High-Pass Filter Enable/Disable)
        2. 7.3.5.2 AM Interference Avoidance
      6. 7.3.6 TAS5548 Controls and Status
        1. 7.3.6.1 I2C Status Registers
          1. 7.3.6.1.1 General Status Register (0x01)
          2. 7.3.6.1.2 Error Status Register (0x02)
        2. 7.3.6.2 TAS5548 Pin Controls
          1. 7.3.6.2.1 Reset (RESET)
          2. 7.3.6.2.2 Power Down (PDN)
          3. 7.3.6.2.3 Back-End Error (BKND_ERR)
            1. 7.3.6.2.3.1 BKND_ERR and VALID
          4. 7.3.6.2.4 Speaker/Headphone Selector (HP_SEL)
          5. 7.3.6.2.5 Mute (MUTE)
          6. 7.3.6.2.6 Power-Supply Volume Control (PSVC)
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 7.4.1  Power Supply
      2. 7.4.2  Clock, PLL, and Serial Data Interface
      3. 7.4.3  Serial Audio Interface
      4. 7.4.4  I 2C Serial-Control Interface
      5. 7.4.5  Device Control
      6. 7.4.6  Energy Manager
      7. 7.4.7  Digital Audio Processor (DAP)
        1. 7.4.7.1 TAS5548 Audio-Processing Configurations
        2. 7.4.7.2 TAS5548 Audio-Processing Feature Sets
      8. 7.4.8  Pulse Width Modulation Schemes
      9. 7.4.9  TAS5548 DAP Architecture Diagrams
      10. 7.4.10 I 2C Coefficient Number Formats
        1. 7.4.10.1 Digital Audio Processor (DAP) Arithmetic Unit
        2. 7.4.10.2 28-Bit 5.23 Number Format
        3. 7.4.10.3 TAS5548 Audio Processing
      11. 7.4.11 Input Crossbar Mixer
      12. 7.4.12 Biquad Filters
      13. 7.4.13 Bass and Treble Controls
      14. 7.4.14 Volume, Automute, and Mute
      15. 7.4.15 Loudness Compensation
        1. 7.4.15.1 Loudness Example
      16. 7.4.16 Dynamic Range Control (DRC)
        1. 7.4.16.1 DRC Implementation
        2. 7.4.16.2 Compression/Expansion Coefficient Computation Engine Parameters
          1. 7.4.16.2.1 Threshold Parameter Computation
          2. 7.4.16.2.2 Offset Parameter Computation
          3. 7.4.16.2.3 Slope Parameter Computation
      17. 7.4.17 THD Manager
      18. 7.4.18 Downmix Algorithm and I2S Out
      19. 7.4.19 Stereo Downmixes/(or Fold-Downs)
        1. 7.4.19.1 Left Total/Right Total (Lt/Rt)
        2. 7.4.19.2 Left Only/Right Only (Lo/Ro)
      20. 7.4.20 Output Mixer
      21. 7.4.21 Device Configuration Controls
        1. 7.4.21.1 Channel Configuration
        2. 7.4.21.2 Headphone Configuration Registers
        3. 7.4.21.3 Audio System Configurations
          1. 7.4.21.3.1 Using Line Outputs in 6-Channel Configurations
        4. 7.4.21.4 Recovery from Clock Error
        5. 7.4.21.5 Power-Supply Volume-Control Enable
        6. 7.4.21.6 Volume and Mute Update Rate
        7. 7.4.21.7 Modulation Index Limit
      22. 7.4.22 Master Clock and Serial Data Rate Controls
        1. 7.4.22.1 192kHz Native Processing Mode
        2. 7.4.22.2 PLL Operation
    5. 7.5 Programming
      1. 7.5.1 I2C Serial-Control Interface (Slave Addresses 0x36)
        1. 7.5.1.1 General I2C Operation
        2. 7.5.1.2 Single- and Multiple-Byte Transfers
        3. 7.5.1.3 Single-Byte Write
        4. 7.5.1.4 Multiple-Byte Write
        5. 7.5.1.5 Incremental Multiple-Byte Write
        6. 7.5.1.6 Single-Byte Read
        7. 7.5.1.7 Multiple-Byte Read
    6. 7.6 Register Maps
      1. 7.6.1 Serial-Control I2C Register Summary
      2. 7.6.2 Serial-Control Interface Register Definitions
        1. 7.6.2.1  General Status Register 0 (0x01)
        2. 7.6.2.2  Error Status Register (0x02)
        3. 7.6.2.3  System Control Register 1 (0x03)
        4. 7.6.2.4  System Control Register 2 (0x04)
        5. 7.6.2.5  Channel Configuration Control Registers (0x05-0x0C)
        6. 7.6.2.6  Headphone Configuration Control Register (0x0D)
        7. 7.6.2.7  Serial Data Interface Control Register (0x0E)
        8. 7.6.2.8  Soft Mute Register (0x0F)
        9. 7.6.2.9  Energy Manager Status Register (0x10)
        10. 7.6.2.10 Automute Control Register (0x14)
        11. 7.6.2.11 Output Automute PWM Threshold and Back-End Reset Period Register (0x15)
        12. 7.6.2.12 Modulation Index Limit Register (0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19)
        13. 7.6.2.13 AD Mode - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay and Global Offset Registers (0x1B to 0x23)
        14. 7.6.2.14 Special Low Z and Mid Z Ramp/Stop Period (0x24)
        15. 7.6.2.15 PWM and EMO Control Register (0x25)
        16. 7.6.2.16 Individual Channel Shutdown (0x27)
        17. 7.6.2.17 Input Mux Registers (0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33)
        18. 7.6.2.18 PWM Mux Registers (0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37)
        19. 7.6.2.19 BD Mode and Ternary - 8 Interchannel Channel Delay (0x38 to 0x3F)
        20. 7.6.2.20 Input Mixer Registers, Channels 1-8 (0x41-0x48)
        21. 7.6.2.21 Bass Mixer Registers (0x49-0x50)
        22. 7.6.2.22 Biquad Filter Register (0x51-0x88)
        23. 7.6.2.23 Bass and Treble Register, Channels 1-8 (0x89-0x90)
        24. 7.6.2.24 Loudness Registers (0x91-0x95)
        25. 7.6.2.25 DRC1 Control Register CH1-7 (0x96) - Write
        26. 7.6.2.26 DRC2 Control Register CH8 (0x97) - Write Register
        27. 7.6.2.27 DRC1 Data Registers (0x98-0x9C)
        28. 7.6.2.28 DRC2 Data Registers (0x9D-0xA1)
        29. 7.6.2.29 DRC Bypass Registers (0xA2-0xA9)
        30. 7.6.2.30 Output Select and Mix Registers 8x2 (0x-0xAF)
        31. 7.6.2.31 8×3 Output Mixer Registers (0xB0-0xB1)
        32. 7.6.2.32 ASRC Registers (0xC3-C5)
        33. 7.6.2.33 Auto Mute Behavior (0xCC)
        34. 7.6.2.34 PSVC Volume Biquad Register (0xCF)
        35. 7.6.2.35 Volume, Treble, and Bass Slew Rates Register (0xD0)
        36. 7.6.2.36 Volume Registers (0xD1-0xD9)
        37. 7.6.2.37 Bass Filter Set Register (0xDA)
        38. 7.6.2.38 Bass Filter Index Register (0xDB)
        39. 7.6.2.39 Treble Filter Set Register (0xDC)
        40. 7.6.2.40 Treble Filter Index (0xDD)
        41. 7.6.2.41 AM Mode Register (0xDE)
        42. 7.6.2.42 PSVC Range Register (0xDF)
        43. 7.6.2.43 General Control Register (0xE0)
        44. 7.6.2.44 96kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients (0xE3 to 0xE8)
        45. 7.6.2.45 THD Manager Configuration (0xE9 and 0xEA)
        46. 7.6.2.46 SDIN5 Input Mixer (0xEC-0xF3)
        47. 7.6.2.47 192kHZ Process Flow Output Mixer (0xF4-0xF7)
        48. 7.6.2.48 192kHz Dolby Downmix Coefficients (0xFB and 0xFC)
  8. 8 Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Applications
      1. 8.2.1 TAS5558 DVD Receiver Application
        1. 8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
        2. 8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 8.2.1.3 Application Curves
      2. 8.2.2 Serial Port Master/Slave Configurations
        1. 8.2.2.1 Design Requirements
        2. 8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 8.2.2.3 Application Curves
      3. 8.2.3 Device System Diagrams
        1. 8.2.3.1 Design Requirements
        2. 8.2.3.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        3. 8.2.3.3 Application Curves
    3. 8.3 Do’s and Don’ts
      1. 8.3.1 Frequency Scaling AM Avoidance
    4. 8.4 Initialization Set Up
      1. 8.4.1 Startup Register Writes to get Audio Functioning
  9. 9 Power Supply Recommendations
    1. 9.1 Power Supply
    2. 9.2 Energy Manager
    3. 9.3 Programming Energy Manager
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Documentation Support
      1. 11.1.1 Related Documentation
    2. 11.2 Trademarks
    3. 11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    4. 11.4 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

Package Options

Mechanical Data (Package|Pins)
Thermal pad, mechanical data (Package|Pins)
Orderable Information

8 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

8.1 Application Information

The TAS5548 is a PWM modulator that can take in up to 10 serial audio channels with 8 fully-differential PWM outputs, 2 fully-differential headphone PWM outputs, and up to 1 serial audio output. The eight PWM outputs can support single-ended or bridge-tied load-configured H-bridge power stages with either AD or BD modulation. The 10 inputs can be mixed and mapped internally to different outputs. The TAS5548 is designed to seamlessly interface with most digital decoders, and supports the DTS-HD specification and Blu-ray HTiB applications.

The TAS5548 also contains a DAP that can implement up to 56 biquads across the 8 channels for sampling rates up to 96-kHz, and 22 for sampling rates above 96-kHz. Two 4-channel sample rate converters process the inputs before passing the signals to the DAP. The TAS5548 can be driven by an external crystal or an external MCLK. Two 3.3-V power supplies are required for a digital and analog supply.

8.2 Typical Applications

Typical applications for the TAS5548 are 6- to 8-channel audio systems such as DVD or AV receivers. Figure 45 shows the basic system diagram of the DVD receiver.

8.2.1 TAS5558 DVD Receiver Application

TAS5548 b0012-03_les270.gifFigure 45. Typical TAS5548 Application (DVD Receiver)

8.2.1.1 Design Requirements

For this design example, use the parameters listed in Table 83 as the input parameters.

Table 83. Design Parameters

PARAMETER VALUE
Device control method Software control through I2C communication for register settings
Digital Audio input Right-justified, I2S, or left-justified.
Power stage Audio amplifier with PWM input

8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

  • System software control over I2C for part configuration on power up
  • I2S sample rate and number of channels
    • If the sampling rate above 96-kHz, then the number of biquads is limited.
  • Tuning of biquad filters to preferred settings
  • Possible headphone out that would require an output filter
  • Use of the TAS5548 Frequency Scaling AM Avoidance to prevent interference with AM tuner

8.2.1.3 Application Curves

TAS5548 D005_SLES270.gif
Figure 46. Frequency Response at 48 kHz Sampling Rate with -60 dB Input at 1 kHz

8.2.2 Serial Port Master/Slave Configurations

The inputs to the Digital Audio Processor (DAP) come from the Asynchronous Sample Rate Converter block as follows:

TAS5548 G001_les270.gifFigure 47. Digital Audio Signal Flow Block Diagram

8.2.2.1 Design Requirements

For this design example, use the parameters listed in Table 84 as the input parameters.

Table 84. Design Parameters

PARAMETER VALUE
Device control method Software control through I2C communication for register settings
Digital Audio input Right-justified, I2S, or left-justified.
Power stage Audio amplifier with PWM input

8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

The DAP can feed audio data to and from the Serial Audio ports in the following manner. There are 3 main use cases:

  1. Use Case 1: External Karaoke Microphone Input (ADC in on SDIN5) or External I2S Subwoofer
    1. SDIN1 through 4 are slave to an external source (such as a media decoder IC).
    2. A separate DOUT (for Sub) or Microphone Inout (SDIN5) needs to function at the post-ASRC rate.
    3. Therefore, the device is configured to use MCLKO, SCLKO and LRCLKO.
  2. Use Case 2: Mixing two different data sources (e.g. Stereo Bluetooth I2S and CD/Media Decoder
    1. In an example where two different data sources need mixing, SDIN1/2 run at a different rate than SDIN3/4
    2. SCLKIN-2 and LRCLKIN-2 are used to provide an LRCLK and SCLK for the second data synchronous data source.
    3. DOUT (for a wireless sub) cannot be used in this mode, as no MCLKO, SCLKO or LRCLKO are available.
  3. Use Case 3: Creating an external loop for processing (e.g. using a TAS3108 or TAS3152 I2S processor)
    1. SDIN1/2 run with SCLK and LRCLK as a slave.
    2. SDOUT acts as a "send for external processing", in master mode, synchronized to MLCKO, SCLKO, LRCLKO
    3. SDIN3/4 Act as a "return from external processing", in master mode, synchronized to MLCKO, SCLKO, LRCLKO

Table 85. Master/Slave Serial Audio Receiver/Transmitter

Slave Serial Audio port Master Serial Audio port
Use case-1
  • To ASRC1 and ASRC2
    • SCLK LRCLK
    • Synchronous data
      • SDIN1
      • SDIN2
      • SDIN3
      • SDIN4
  • MCLKO
  • SCLKO
  • LRCLKO
  • Synchronous data
    • SDIN5(mic) or SDOUT
Use case-2
  • To ASRC1
    • SCLK
    • LRCLK
    • Synchronous data
      • SDIN1
      • SDIN2
  • To ASRC2
    • SCLKIN-2
    • LRCLKIN-2
    • Synchronous data
      • SDIN2-1
      • SDIN2-2
None of Master
Use case-3
  • To ASRC1
    • SCLK
    • LRCLK
    • Synchronous data
      • SDIN1
      • SDIN2
  • MLCKO
  • SCLKO
  • LRCLKO
  • Synchronous data
    • SDIN2-1 (ASRC2)
    • SDIN2-2 (ASRC2)
    • SDIN5 or SDOUT

By using use case-3, TAS5548 can connect TAS3108 as external co-processor as follows:

TAS5548 G002_les270.gifFigure 48. TAS3108 as External Co-processor

8.2.2.3 Application Curves

TAS5548 D006_SLES270.gif
Figure 49. Frequency Response at 48 kHz Sampling Rate with -60 dB Input at 1 kHz

8.2.3 Device System Diagrams

TAS5548 b0013-03_les270.gifFigure 50. Pass-Through Output Mixer TAS5548 Channel Configuration

8.2.3.1 Design Requirements

  • Device control method: Software control through I2C communication for register settings
  • Digital Audio input: right-justified, I2S, or left-justified at 96kHz or below to enable use of all 8 channels and related biquads
  • Power stage: Audio amplifier with PWM input
  • Clock Source: External clocks from I2S master

8.2.3.2 Detailed Design Procedure

  • System software control over I2C for part configuration on power up
  • I2S sample rate and number of channels
    • If the sampling rate is above 96-kHz, then the number of biquads is limited.
  • Tuning of biquad filters to preferred settings
  • Possible headphone out that would require an output filter
  • Choose the appropriate LC output filters after power stage for speaker load

8.2.3.3 Application Curves

TAS5548 D007_SLES270.gif
Figure 51. Frequency Response at 48 kHz Sampling Rate with -60 dB Input at 1 kHz

8.3 Do’s and Don’ts

8.3.1 Frequency Scaling AM Avoidance

The AM avoidance strategy exploits the presence of the ASRC. The APLL output frequency is directly varied by varying the multiplier ratio in the PLL loop. The dividers to generate clocks from the APLL are fixed at their nominal division factor, so the result is that the internal sampling rate is changing accordingly.

The ASRC will adapt with this changing output rate (the internal sampling rate) and convert the incoming sampling rates to this rate accordingly. The rest of the circuit does not change and operates normally, but since the APLL output frequency is varied while the clock dividers are fixed, the PWM carrier frequency becomes varied also, which is the goal of this AM avoidance strategy.

This shift in processing rate will effect time-domain digital processing, such as the EQ's and DRC's decay values by the value in Freq_Error below.

Table 86. APLL/DAP/ASRC Clock Frequencies with New AM Avoidance Strategy

Mode Input FS XTLA Prescale Feedback DCLK Internal SR DAP CLK # cycles per FS ASRC CLK PWM rate Freq_Error
Normal 8 - 192k 12288 4 64 196608 96 131072 1365.33 98304 384 0.00%
AM#1 8 - 192k 12288 4 62 190464 93 126976 1365.33 95232 372 -3.13%
AM#2 8 - 192k 12288 4 60 184320 90 12288 1365.33 92160 360 -6.25%
AM#3 8 - 192k 12288 4 58 178176 87 118784 1365.33 89088 348 -9.38%
AM#4 8 - 192k 12288 4 56 172032 84 114688 1365.33 86016 336 -12.50%

8.4 Initialization Set Up

8.4.1 Startup Register Writes to get Audio Functioning

By default, the device starts up with its outputs muted. The following writes should be used to bring it out of standby:

TAS5548

  1. Exit Shutdown 0x03 = A0
  2. Set Master Volume 0xD9 = 00 00 00 48