SLVS062N December   1991  – October 2016 TL1431 , TL1431M

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. 1 Features
  2. 2 Applications
  3. 3 Description
  4. 4 Revision History
  5. 5 Pin Configuration and Functions
  6. 6 Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings - TL1431C, TL1431Q
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics - TL1431C
    6. 6.6 Electrical Characteristics - TL1431Q
    7. 6.7 Electrical Characteristics - TL1431M
    8. 6.8 Typical Characteristics
  7. 7 Parameter Measurement Information
  8. 8 Detailed Description
    1. 8.1 Overview
    2. 8.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 8.3 Feature Description
    4. 8.4 Device Functional Modes
      1. 8.4.1 Open Loop (Comparator)
      2. 8.4.2 Closed Loop
  9. 9 Application and Implementation
    1. 9.1 Application Information
    2. 9.2 Typical Application
      1. 9.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 9.2.2.1 Programming Output/Cathode Voltage
        2. 9.2.2.2 Total Accuracy
        3. 9.2.2.3 Stability
        4. 9.2.2.4 Start-up Time
      3. 9.2.3 Application Curve
    3. 9.3 System Examples
  10. 10Power Supply Recommendations
  11. 11Layout
    1. 11.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 11.2 Layout Example
  12. 12Device and Documentation Support
    1. 12.1 Documentation Support
      1. 12.1.1 Related Documentation
    2. 12.2 Related Links
    3. 12.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    4. 12.4 Community Resources
    5. 12.5 Trademarks
    6. 12.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    7. 12.7 Glossary
  13. 13Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

Package Options

Mechanical Data (Package|Pins)
Thermal pad, mechanical data (Package|Pins)
Orderable Information

6 Specifications

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)
MIN MAX UNIT
Cathode voltage, VKA(2) 37 V
Continuous cathode current, IKA –100 150 mA
Reference input current, II(ref) –0.05 10 mA
Lead temperature, 1.6 mm (1/16 in) from case for 10 s 260 °C
Junction temperature, TJ 150 °C
Storage temperature, Tstg –65 150 °C
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltage values are with respect to ANODE, unless otherwise noted.

6.2 ESD Ratings – TL1431C, TL1431Q

VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1) ±2000 V
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101(2) ±1000
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

MIN MAX UNIT
VKA Cathode voltage VI(ref) 36 V
IKA Cathode current 1 100 mA
TA Operating free-air temperature TL1431C 0 70 °C
TL1431Q –40 125
TL1431M –55 125

6.4 Thermal Information

THERMAL METRIC(1) TL1431 TL1431M(2) UNIT
LP
(TO-92)		 D
(SOIC)		 PW
(TSSOP)		 JG
(CDIP)		 FK
(LCCC)
3 PINS 8 PINS 8 PINS 8 PINS 20 PINS
RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 157 114.7 172.4 — — °C/W
RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 80.7 59 55.2 69.7 55.5 °C/W
RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance — 55.4 100.8 99 54.2 °C/W
ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 24.6 12 5 — — °C/W
ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 136.4 54.8 99 — — °C/W
RθJC(bot) Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance — — — 21 9.5 °C/W
(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application report.
(2) RθJC based on MIL-STD-883, and RθJB based on JESD51.

6.5 Electrical Characteristics – TL1431C

at specified free-air temperature and IKA = 10 mA (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VI(ref) Reference input voltage VKA = VI(ref)
(see Figure 13)		 TA = 25°C 2490 2500 2510 mV
TA = 0°C to 70°C 2480 2520
VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range(1) VKA = VI(ref), TA = 0°C to 70°C
(see Figure 13)		 4 20 mV
TL1431 TL1431M eq_dviref_dvka.gif Ratio of change in reference input voltage to the change in cathode voltage ΔVKA = 3 V to 36 V, TA = 0°C to 70°C
(see Figure 14)		 –1.1 –2 mV/V
II(ref) Reference input current R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
(see Figure 14)		 TA = 25°C 1.5 2.5 µA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 3
II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range(1) R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, TA = 0°C to 70°C
(see Figure 14)		 0.2 1.2 µA
Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation VKA = VI(ref), TA = 25°C (see Figure 13) 0.45 1 mA
Ioff Off-state cathode current VKA = 36 V, VI(ref) = 0
(see Figure 15)		 TA = 25°C 0.18 0.5 µA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 2
|zKA| Output impedance(2) VKA = VI(ref), f ≤ 1 kHz,
IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, TA = 25°C
(see Figure 13)		 0.2 0.4 Ω
(1) The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVI(ref) is defined as:
TL1431 TL1431M note_aviref.gif
αVI(ref) is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum VI(ref) or maximum VI(ref), respectively, occurs at the lower temperature.
(2) The output impedance is defined as: TL1431 TL1431M eq_def_zka.gif
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 2), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: TL1431 TL1431M eq_zprm.gif , which is approximately equal to TL1431 TL1431M eq_zprm_app_eq.gif .

6.6 Electrical Characteristics – TL1431Q

at specified free-air temperature and IKA = 10 mA (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VI(ref) Reference input voltage VKA = VI(ref)
(see Figure 13)		 TA = 25°C 2490 2500 2510 mV
TA = –40°C to 125°C 2470 2530
VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range(1) VKA = VI(ref), TA = –40°C to 125°C
(see Figure 13)		 17 55 mV
TL1431 TL1431M eq_dviref_dvka.gif Ratio of change in reference input voltage to the change in cathode voltage ΔVKA = 3 V to 36 V, TA = –40°C to 125°C
(see Figure 14)		 –1.1 –2 mV/V
II(ref) Reference input current R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
(see Figure 14)		 TA = 25°C 1.5 2.5 µA
TA = –40°C to 125°C 4
II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range(1) R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, TA = –40°C to 125°C
(see Figure 14)		 0.5 2 µA
Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation VKA = VI(ref), TA = 25°C (see Figure 13) 0.45 1 mA
Ioff Off-state cathode current VKA = 36 V, VI(ref) = 0
(see Figure 15)		 TA = 25°C 0.18 0.5 µA
TA = –40°C to 125°C 2
|zKA| Output impedance(2) VKA = VI(ref), f ≤ 1 kHz,
IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, TA = 25°C
(see Figure 13)		 0.2 0.4 Ω
(1) The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVI(ref) is defined as:
TL1431 TL1431M note_aviref.gif
αVI(ref) is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum VI(ref) or maximum VI(ref), respectively, occurs at the lower temperature.
(2) The output impedance is defined as: TL1431 TL1431M eq_def_zka.gif
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 2), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: TL1431 TL1431M eq_zprm.gif , which is approximately equal to TL1431 TL1431M eq_zprm_app_eq.gif .

6.7 Electrical Characteristics – TL1431M

at specified free-air temperature and IKA = 10 mA (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VI(ref) Reference input voltage VKA = VI(ref)
(see Figure 13)		 TA = 25°C 2475 2500 2540 mV
TA = –55°C to 125°C 2460 2550
VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range(1) VKA = VI(ref), TA = –55°C to 125°C
(see Figure 13)		 17 55(2) mV
TL1431 TL1431M eq_dviref_dvka.gif Ratio of change in reference input voltage to the change in cathode voltage ΔVKA = 3 V to 36 V, TA = –55°C to 125°C
(see Figure 14)		 –1.1 –2 mV/V
II(ref) Reference input current R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
(see Figure 14)		 TA = 25°C 1.5 2.5 µA
TA = –55°C to 125°C 5
II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range(1) R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, TA = –55°C to 125°C
(see Figure 14)		 0.5 3(2) µA
Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation VKA = VI(ref), TA = 25°C (see Figure 13) 0.45 1 mA
Ioff Off-state cathode current VKA = 36 V, VI(ref) = 0
(see Figure 15)		 TA = 25°C 0.18 0.5 µA
TA = –55°C to 125°C 2
|zKA| Output impedance(3) VKA = VI(ref), f ≤ 1 kHz,
IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, TA = 25°C
(see Figure 13)		 0.2 0.4 Ω
(1) The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVI(ref) is defined as:
TL1431 TL1431M note_aviref.gif
αVI(ref) is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum VI(ref) or maximum VI(ref), respectively, occurs at the lower temperature.
(2) On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, this parameter is not production tested.
(3) The output impedance is defined as: TL1431 TL1431M eq_def_zka.gif
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 2), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: TL1431 TL1431M eq_zprm.gif , which is approximately equal to TL1431 TL1431M eq_zprm_app_eq.gif .

6.8 Typical Characteristics

Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.

Table 1. Table Of Graphs

GRAPH FIGURE
Reference voltage vs Free-air temperature Figure 1
Reference current vs Fire-air temperature Figure 2
Cathode current vs Cathode voltage Figure 3, Figure 4
Off-state cathode current vs Free-air temperature Figure 5
Ratio of delta reference voltage to delta cathode voltage vs Free-air temperature Figure 6
Equivalent input-noise voltage vs Frequency Figure 7
Equivalent input-noise voltage over a 10-second period Figure 8
Small-signal voltage amplification vs Frequency Figure 9
Reference impedance vs Frequency Figure 10
Pulse response Figure 11
Stability boundary conditions Figure 12
TL1431 TL1431M g_vref_ta.gif Figure 1. Reference Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature
TL1431 TL1431M g_ika_vka_1.gif Figure 3. Cathode Current vs Cathode Voltage
TL1431 TL1431M g_ikaoff_ta.gif Figure 5. Off-State Cathode Current vs Free-Air Temperature
TL1431 TL1431M g_vnoise_freq.gif Figure 7. Equivalent Input-Noise Voltage vs Frequency
TL1431 TL1431M g_small_av_freq.gif Figure 9. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs Frequency
TL1431 TL1431M g_pulse_resp.gif
Figure 11. Pulse Response
TL1431 TL1431M g_iref_ta.gif Figure 2. Reference Current vs Free-Air Temperature
TL1431 TL1431M g_ika_vka_2.gif Figure 4. Cathode Current vs Cathode Voltage
TL1431 TL1431M g_delta_ratio_ta.gif Figure 6. Ratio Of Delta Reference Voltage
To Delta Cathode Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature
TL1431 TL1431M test_cx_vnoise.gif Figure 8. Equivalent Input-Noise Voltage
Over A 10-S Period
TL1431 TL1431M g_zka_freq.gif Figure 10. Reference Impedance vs Frequency
TL1431 TL1431M g_stabil_bound.gif
The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ are adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IKA conditions, with CL = 0. VBATT and CL then are adjusted to determine the ranges of stability.
Figure 12. Stability Boundary Conditions