SBOA580 November   2023 INA1620 , OPA1602 , OPA1604 , OPA1611 , OPA1612 , OPA1612-Q1 , OPA1622 , OPA1632 , OPA1655 , OPA1656 , OPA209 , OPA210 , OPA211 , OPA211-EP , OPA2209 , OPA2210 , OPA2211-EP , OPA2211-HT , OPA2211A

 

  1.   1
  2.   Abstract
  3.   Trademarks
  4. 1Introduction
  5. 2Violating Linear Operating Ranges
  6. 3How to Measure THD+N of an Op Amp
    1. 3.1 Non-Inverting Measurement
    2. 3.2 Inverting Measurement
    3. 3.3 Observations
    4. 3.4 Interpreting THD + N Curves
  7. 4Summary
  8. 5References
  9. 6Appendix

Violating Linear Operating Ranges

Figure 2-1 shows an application circuit that is in the non-inverting amplifier configuration. The circuit is in a gain of 2   V V . All conditions are within the linear operating regions of the OPA1656. Figure 2-2 shows the FFT that corresponds to the output signal shown in Figure 2-1. The harmonics shown in Figure 2-2 are very low and therefore the harmonic distortion is very low.

GUID-20230908-SS0I-H7T9-7MHR-XCGNC5F02W2H-low.svg Figure 2-1 Non-Inverting Amplifier
GUID-20230908-SS0I-LN20-6CHH-V0B3SGPSW1WV-low.svg Figure 2-2 Measured Output FFT

Violating the linear output voltage swing of any amplifier is one way distortion greatly increases. Figure 2-3 shows an example where the linear output voltage specification of the OPA1656 is being violated. A signal of
7.5 V peak is applied to the input. The circuit is in a gain of 2   V V . The output is limited by the power supply voltage and therefore clipped below 15 V. Figure 2-4 shows the measured FFT of the output signal and demonstrates how distortion greatly increases when the linear operating conditions are not met.

GUID-20230908-SS0I-PQMT-MRDJ-4GLGHVXC52NW-low.svg Figure 2-3 Non-Inverting Amplifier With Clipped Output
GUID-20230908-SS0I-ZV68-ZZ99-X2CN60L7CMCK-low.svg Figure 2-4 Measured Output FFT