SLLA618 October 2023 ATL431 , ATL431LI , TL431 , TL431LI , TLVH432
The expected output voltage of the flyback converter for each shunt reference was calculated using Eq. 1, where Iref was chosen as the nominal value provided in each component data sheet, Vref was selected as the typical value for each component, and R1 and R2 were constant at 150 kΩ and 23.7 kΩ respectively, both with a 1% tolerance for each shunt reference except the TLVH432. The TLVH432's R1 and R2 values were constant at 150 kΩ and 10 kΩ, with a 1% tolerance. Table 4-4 shows the actual flyback output voltages measured for each shunt reference at the three load conditions. Table 4-4 also shows the standby-mode accuracy, which was calculated using Equation 5.
Device | Expected Output Voltage (V) | Measured Output Voltage (V) - Standby Mode | Accuracy (%) | Measured Output Voltage (V) - 20 W Load | Measured Output Voltage (V) - 40 W Load |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TL431 | Vout = 18.586 V | Vout = 18.414 V | 0.926 % | Vout = 18.459 V | Vout = 18.448 V |
TLVH432 | Vout = 19.855 V | Vout = 19.777 V | 0.393 % | Vout = 19.770 V | Vout = 19.770 V |
ATL431 | Vout = 18.327 V | Vout = 18.377 V | 0.271% | Vout = 18.369 V | Vout = 18.370 V |
TL431LI | Vout = 18.316 V | Vout = 18.374 V | 0.316 % | Vout = 18.350 V | Vout = 18.349 V |
ATL431LI | Vout = 18.353 V | Vout = 18.313 V | 0.217% | Vout = 18.256 V | Vout = 18.260 V |
Table 4-4 goes to show that when properly biased, the flyback converters' output accuracy never deviated by more than 1% for any of the shunt references used under any of the three load conditions. Note that the flyback output for the TL431 had a slightly worse accuracy than the other devices, likely due to the larger nominal Iref value, which deviates largely under different conditions. The ATL431/LI provided the lowest nominal Iref, which can maintain accuracy in applications that require very high precision.