SLOA011B January   2018  – July 2021 LF347 , LF353 , LM348 , MC1458 , TL022 , TL061 , TL062 , TL071 , TL072 , UA741

 

  1. 1Introduction
    1. 1.1 Amplifier Basics
    2. 1.2 Ideal Op Amp Model
  2. 2Non-Inverting Amplifier
    1. 2.1 Closed Loop Concepts and Simplifications
  3. 3Inverting Amplifier
    1. 3.1 Closed Loop Concepts and Simplifications
  4. 4Simplified Op Amp Circuit Diagram
    1. 4.1 Input Stage
    2. 4.2 Second Stage
    3. 4.3 Output Stage
  5. 5Op Amp Specifications
    1. 5.1  Absolute Maximum Ratings and Recommended Operating Condition
    2. 5.2  Input Offset Voltage
    3. 5.3  Input Current
    4. 5.4  Input Common Mode Voltage Range
    5. 5.5  Differential Input Voltage Range
    6. 5.6  Maximum Output Voltage Swing
    7. 5.7  Large Signal Differential Voltage Amplification
    8. 5.8  Input Parasitic Elements
      1. 5.8.1 Input Capacitance
      2. 5.8.2 Input Resistance
    9. 5.9  Output Impedance
    10. 5.10 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
    11. 5.11 Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio
    12. 5.12 Supply Current
    13. 5.13 Slew Rate at Unity Gain
    14. 5.14 Equivalent Input Noise
    15. 5.15 Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise
    16. 5.16 Unity-Gain Bandwidth and Phase Margin
    17. 5.17 Settling Time
  6. 6References
  7. 7Glossary
  8. 8Revision History

7 Glossary

    α IIO Average temperature coefficient of input offset current The ratio of the change in input offset current to the change in free-air temperature. This is an average value for the specified temperature range. Usually measured in μV/°C.
    α VIO†Average temperature coefficient of input offset voltage The ratio of the change in input offset voltage to the change in free-air temperature. This is an average value for the specified temperature range. Usually measured in μV/°C.
    φm
    Phase margin     The absolute value of the open-loop phase shift between the output and the inverting input at the frequency at which the modulus of the open-loop amplification is unity.
    Am
    Gain margin     The reciprocal of the open-loop voltage amplification at the lowest frequency at which the open-loop phase shift is such that the output is in phase with the inverting input.
    Av
    Large-signal voltage amplification     The ratio of the peak-to-peak output voltage swing to the change in input voltage required to drive the output.
    AVD
    Differential voltage amplification     The ratio of the change in the output to the change in differential input voltage producing it with the common-mode input voltage held constant.
    B1
    † Unity gain bandwidth     The range of frequencies within which the open-loop voltage amplification is greater that unity.
    BOM
    Maximum-outputswing bandwidth     The range of frequencies within which the maximum output voltage swing is above a specified value.
    Ci
    Input capacitance     The capacitance between the input terminals with either input grounded.
    CMRR
    Common-mode rejection ratio     The ratio of differential voltage amplification to common-mode voltage amplification.
    Note: This is measured by determining the ratio of a change in input common-mode voltage to the resulting change in input offset voltage.
    F
    †Average noise figure     The ratio of Equation 1 the total output noise power within a designated output frequency band when the noise temperature of the input termination(s) is at the reference noise temperature at all frequencies to Equation 2 that part of Equation 1caused by the noise temperature of the designated signalinput termination within a designated signal-input frequency.
    Icc+, Icc-
    Supply current     The current into the Vcc+ or Vcc- terminal of an integrated circuit.
    IIB
    Input bias current     The difference between the currents into the two input terminals with the output at the specified level
    IIO
    Input offset current     The difference between the currents into the two input terminals with the output at the specified level.
    In
    Equivalent input noise current     The current of an ideal current source (having internal impedance equal to infinity) in parallel with the input terminals of the device that represents the part of the internally generated noise that can properly be represented by a current source.
    IOL
    Low-level output current     The current into an output with input conditions applied that according to the product specification will establish a low level at the output.
    IOS
    Short-circuit output current     he maximum output current available from the amplifier with the output shorted to ground, to either supply, or to a specified point.
    kSVS
    † Supply voltage sensitivity     The time required for an output voltage step to change from 10% to 90% of its final value.
    kSVR
    Supply voltage rejection ratio     The absolute value of the ratio of the change in supply voltages to the change in input offset voltage.
    Notes: 1. Unless otherwise noted, both supply voltages are varied symmetrically. 2. This is the reciprocal of supply sensitivity.
    PD
    Total power dissipation     The total dc power supplied to the device less any power delivered from the device to a load.
    Note: At no load: PD = Vcc+ • I
    riInput resistance The resistance between the input terminals with either input grounded.
    rid
    Differential input resistance     The small-signal resistance between two ungrounded input terminals.
    ro
    Output resistance     The resistance between an output terminal and ground.
    SR
    Slew Rate     The average time rate of change of the closed-loop amplifier output voltage for a step-signal input.
    tr
    †Rise time     The time required for an output voltage step to change from 10% to 90% of its final value.
    ttot
    Total response time     The time between a step-function change of the input signal and the instant at which the magnitude of the output signal reaches, for the last time, a specified level range (±e) containing the final output signal level.
    VI
    Input voltage range     The range of voltage that if exceeded at either input may cause the operational amplifier to cease functioning properly.
    VIO
    Input offset voltage     The dc voltage that must be applied between the input terminals to force the quiescent dc output voltage to zero or other level, if specified.
    VIC
    Common-mode input voltage     The average of the two input voltages.
    VICR
    Common-mode input voltage range     The range of common-mode input voltage that if exceeded may cause the operational amplifier to cease functioning properly.
    Vn
    Equivalent input noise voltage     The voltage of an ideal voltage source (having internal impedance equal to zero) in series with the input terminals of the device that represents the part of the internally generated noise that can properly be represented by a voltage source.
    V01/V02
    Crosstalk Attenuation     The ratio of the change in output voltage of a driven channel to the resulting change in output voltage of another channel.
    VOH
    High-level output voltage     The voltage at an output with input conditions applied that according to the product specifications will establish a high level at the output.
    VOL
    Low-level output voltage     The voltage at an output with input conditions applied that according to the product specifications will establish a low level at the output.
    VID
    Differential input voltage     The voltage at the non-inverting input with respect to the inverting input.
    VOM
    Maximum peak output voltage swing     The maximum positive or negative voltage that can be obtained without waveform clipping when quiescent dc output voltage is zero.
    VO(PP)
    Maximum peak-to-peak output voltage swing     he maximum peak-to-peak voltage that can be obtained without waveform clipping when quiescent dc output voltage is zero.
    Zic
    Common-mode input impedance     The parallel sum of the small-signal impedance between each input terminal and ground.
    zo
    Output impedance     The small-signal impedance between the output terminal and ground.
    Overshoot factor The ratio of the largest deviation of the output signal value from its final steady-state value after a step-function change of the input signal to the absolute value of the difference between the steady-state output signal values before and after the step-function change of the input signal.
    THD + N
    ‡Total harmonic distortion plus noise     The ratio of the RMS noise voltage and RMS harmonic voltage of the fundamental signal to the total RMS voltage at the output.
    GBW
    ‡ Gain bandwidth product     GBW
    ‡ Gain bandwidth product
    ‡Average long-term drift coefficient of input offset voltage The ratio of the change in input offset voltage to the change time. This is an average value for the specified time period. Usually measured in μV/month.