Power tool batteries have varying series impedance due to the battery cells. High-grade batteries may have 1’s of milliohms of series impedance, whereas entry-level battery packs may have up to 100’s of milliohms of series impedance. Under heavy loads, the impedance introduced to the power tool system by the battery pack results in a voltage drop decreasing the available supply voltage to drive the motor. To scale across battery pack grades, the motor driver selected should have a low minimum operating range to provide sufficient gate drive voltages to fully saturate the MOSFETs.