1 Introduction

Quartz crystal oscillators (XOs) have dominated the timing reference market for over a century since the invention in the 1920s. These crystal oscillators have found utility in a wide range of products from low-end (real-time clock) to high-end (complex radio, GPS, and military/aero) applications. In the past few decades, mobile communication and the emerging internet-of-things (IoT) markets have driven the search for new resonator technologies that consume lower power, with smaller form factor, for ease of integration, while maintaining similar or better performances than quartz crystals. A few standalone oscillator products utilizing different types of micro-resonator technologies have been released to the consumer market in the past decade. Texas Instruments started the development of its own bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator technology aiming for advanced timing applications since 2012 and has released a few system products including industry’s best performance jitter cleaner (LMK05318 family) and world’s first commercialized crystal-less BLE radio (CC2652RB family) since 2018. Using the mass production experience of these devices, TI is now launching the BAW-based standalone oscillator products.