TIDUF25 june 2023 ADS131M08 , MSPM0G1507
The nominal voltage from the Mains is from 100 V – 240 V so the voltage needs to be scaled down to be sensed by an ADC. Figure 2-3 shows the analog front end used for this voltage scaling. J1 is where the voltage is applied for Phase A, similar circuitry is used for each of the Phases B and C.
In the analog front end for voltage, there consists a spike protection varistor (R6), footprints for electromagnetic interference filter beads (resistor footprints R1 and R9), a voltage divider network (R2, R3, R4, and R7), and an RC low-pass filter (R5, R8, C1, C3, and C2).
At lower currents, voltage-to-current crosstalk affects active energy accuracy much more than voltage accuracy, if power offset calibration is not performed. To maximize the accuracy at these lower currents, in this design only a small part of the full ADC range is used for voltage channels. Since the ADCs of the ADS131M08 device are high-accuracy ADCs, using the reduced ADC range for the voltage channels in this design still provides more than enough accuracy for measuring voltage. Equation 1 shows how to calculate the range of differential voltages fed to the voltage ADC channel for a given Mains voltage and selected voltage divider resistor values.
Based on this formula and the selected resistor values in Figure 2-3, for a mains voltage of 120 V (as measured between the line and neutral), the input signal to the voltage ADC has a voltage swing of ±128 mV (91 mVRMS). For a mains voltage of 230 V (as measured between the line and neutral, the 230-V input to the front-end circuit produces a voltage swing of ±245.33 mV (173.48 mVRMS). The ±128-mV and the ±245.33-mV voltage ranges are both well within the ±1.2-V input voltage that can be sensed by the ADS131M08 device for the selected PGA gain value of 1 that is used for the voltage channels.