Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars allow the accurate measurement of distances and relative velocities of obstacles and other vehicles; therefore, radars are useful for autonomous vehicular applications (such as lane change assist (LCA) and rear cross traffic alert (RCTA)) and car safety applications (autonomous braking and collision avoidance). An important advantage of radars over camera and light-detection and ranging (LIDAR)-based systems is that radars are relatively immune to environmental conditions such as the effects of rain, dust, and smoke. Because FMCW radars transmit a specific signal (called a chirp) and process the reflections, FMCW radars work in complete darkness and also bright daylight (radars are not affected by glare). When compared with ultrasound, radars typically have a much longer range and much faster signal transit times.