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Hello, everyone. This training session covers challenges and the key technology to mitigate the challenges. Let's start with the problems in the smart grid IoT.

First, reliable connectivity is a must to succeed in the smart smart IoT. And the second is that it's not likely a single connectivity can win for the entire IoT. Third, as mentioned in the previous session, each device installing the connectivity is very limited in processing power and the memory and energy.

Taking into consideration the considerations a lightweight mesh routing protocols over or at IP [INAUDIBLE] 6 layer is introduced. This is basically the mesh routing. So it has to connect between nodes, even in case when each node does not have link level connectivity.

The lightweight-- meaning, the low complexity and the low overhead-- helps on the restricted devices in the smart grid IoT. In addition, the routing protocol that is sitting on the IP layer, it is running over multiple connectivity solutions. Or it's very easy to combine any connectivity solutions, because of its independency to the lower layers stacks.

LPL is one of the routing protocols. And the recently Thread introduced by the Google Nest uses a similar architecture for the IP layer routing protocols. We will discussed system-level details of a RPL routing protocol in the later sessions.

Another challenge to realize smart grid IoT is gap between traditional application layer for web service and the lower layer stacks that typically support the limited data side level rate and the size. As shown in this example, the maximum payload supported by IPv6 is 1,280 byte to 1,500 byte. While, 802.15.4 supports only 102 byte maximum payload. In addition, HTTP runs over TCP. The application and the transport layers include significant overhead to deliver the information.

So there is a big gap. This motivates CoAP over UDP and the 6LoWPAN. We will discuss the system-level with details for CoAP and 6LoWPAN in the following training sessions. This concludes the problem statement training session. Thank you.

This video is part of a series