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Shunt voltage references

TL431

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Adjustable precision shunt regulator

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Data sheet

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TL431

ACTIVE
Data sheet Order now

Product details

VO (V) 2.495 Initial accuracy (max) (%) 0.5, 1, 2 VO adj (min) (V) 2.495 VO adj (max) (V) 36 Iz for regulation (min) (µA) 400 Reference voltage (V) Adjustable, adjustable Rating Catalog Temp coeff (max) (ppm/°C) 92 Operating temperature range (°C) -40 to 125 Iout/Iz (max) (mA) 100
VO (V) 2.495 Initial accuracy (max) (%) 0.5, 1, 2 VO adj (min) (V) 2.495 VO adj (max) (V) 36 Iz for regulation (min) (µA) 400 Reference voltage (V) Adjustable, adjustable Rating Catalog Temp coeff (max) (ppm/°C) 92 Operating temperature range (°C) -40 to 125 Iout/Iz (max) (mA) 100
PDIP (P) 8 92.5083 mm² 9.81 x 9.43 SOIC (D) 8 29.4 mm² 4.9 x 6 SOP (PS) 8 48.36 mm² 6.2 x 7.8 SOT-23 (DBV) 5 8.12 mm² 2.9 x 2.8 SOT-23 (DBZ) 3 6.9204 mm² 2.92 x 2.37 SOT-89 (PK) 3 18.4275 mm² 4.5 x 4.095 SOT-SC70 (DCK) 6 4.2 mm² 2 x 2.1 TO-92 (LP) 3 19.136 mm² 5.2 x 3.68 TSSOP (PW) 8 19.2 mm² 3 x 6.4
  • Reference voltage tolerance at 25°C
    • 0.5% (B grade)
    • 1% (A grade)
    • 2% (Standard grade)
  • Adjustable output voltage: Vref to 36V
  • Operation from −40°C to 125°C
  • Typical temperature drift (TL43xB)
    • 6mV (C temp)
    • 14mV (I temp, Q temp)
  • Low Output Noise
  • 0.2Ω Typical output impedance
  • Sink-current capability: 1mA to 100mA
  • Reference voltage tolerance at 25°C
    • 0.5% (B grade)
    • 1% (A grade)
    • 2% (Standard grade)
  • Adjustable output voltage: Vref to 36V
  • Operation from −40°C to 125°C
  • Typical temperature drift (TL43xB)
    • 6mV (C temp)
    • 14mV (I temp, Q temp)
  • Low Output Noise
  • 0.2Ω Typical output impedance
  • Sink-current capability: 1mA to 100mA

The TL431 and TL432 devices are three-terminal adjustable shunt regulators, with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive, commercial, and military temperature ranges. The output voltage can be set to any value between Vref (approximately 2.5V) and 36V, with two external resistors. These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for Zener diodes in many applications, such as on-board regulation, adjustable power supplies, and switching power supplies. The TL432 device has exactly the same functionality and electrical specifications as the TL431 device, but has different pinouts for the DBV, DBZ, and PK packages.

Both the TL431 and TL432 devices are offered in three grades, with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, for the B, A, and standard grade, respectively. In addition, low output drift versus temperature verifies good stability over the entire temperature range.

The TL43xxC devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C, the TL43xxI devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C, and the TL43xxQ devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 125°C.

The TL431 and TL432 devices are three-terminal adjustable shunt regulators, with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive, commercial, and military temperature ranges. The output voltage can be set to any value between Vref (approximately 2.5V) and 36V, with two external resistors. These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for Zener diodes in many applications, such as on-board regulation, adjustable power supplies, and switching power supplies. The TL432 device has exactly the same functionality and electrical specifications as the TL431 device, but has different pinouts for the DBV, DBZ, and PK packages.

Both the TL431 and TL432 devices are offered in three grades, with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, for the B, A, and standard grade, respectively. In addition, low output drift versus temperature verifies good stability over the entire temperature range.

The TL43xxC devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C, the TL43xxI devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C, and the TL43xxQ devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 125°C.
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Technical documentation

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Type Title Date
* Data sheet TL431, TL432 Precision Programmable Reference datasheet (Rev. S) PDF | HTML 31 May 2024
Technical article 옵토커플러가 적절하게 바이어스되었는지 확인 PDF | HTML 22 Mar 2024
Technical article 確定您的光耦合器具有正確偏壓 PDF | HTML 20 Mar 2024
Technical article Make sure your optocoupler is properly biased PDF | HTML 16 Feb 2024
Application note Optimization of a Shunt Reference for Flyback Converters PDF | HTML 18 Oct 2023
Application note Designing Stable Isolated Power Supplies with Shunt Regulators PDF | HTML 29 Dec 2022
E-book Tips and tricks for designing with voltage references (Rev. A) 07 May 2021
Analog Design Journal High-power, low-cost, discrete linear pre-regulator for automotive rear lights 21 Dec 2020
Technical article Overcoming common design challenges in an UV sterilization box system PDF | HTML 27 Jul 2020
Technical article How modern voltage references help shrink small designs PDF | HTML 01 Jun 2020
Application note Using the TL431 for Undervoltage and Overvoltage Detection (Rev. A) 11 Dec 2019
Selection guide 431 Device Nomenclature (Rev. B) 18 Sep 2019
Application note Designing With the Improved TL431LI (Rev. A) 28 Jun 2019
E-book Voltage Supervisor and Reset ICs: Tips, Tricks and Basics 28 Jun 2019
White paper Voltage reference selection basics white paper (Rev. A) 23 Oct 2018
Application note TL431 Pin FMEA 12 Jan 2018
Application note Low Cost Bidirectional Current Sensing Using INA181 28 Jul 2017
Technical article Differences between PSR and SSR in bias power-supply design PDF | HTML 08 Apr 2016
Technical article The great compromise: voltage references PDF | HTML 07 Dec 2015
Technical article Designing for isolated DC/DC converter shunt safety PDF | HTML 29 Aug 2015
Technical article Can overcurrent protection be simple and precise, while minimizing cost? PDF | HTML 31 Jul 2015
Technical article How to get no-load power savings in AC to DC supplies PDF | HTML 08 Jun 2015
Application note Designing Overcurrent protection for TPL7407L Peripheral Driver 05 Nov 2014
Analog Design Journal Low-cost flyback solutions for 10-mW standby power 22 Jan 2014
Application note Understanding stability boundary conditions charts in TL431, TL432 Data sheet (Rev. A) 16 Jan 2014
Application note Lead-Acid Charger and LED Driver using TPS5402 (Rev. A) 13 Jun 2013
User guide 200-VA HF Inverter Design Based on UCD8220 and MSP430G2330 for Automotive Applications 07 Mar 2013
Application note Compensation Design with TL431 for UCC28600 16 Jan 2013
Application note Setting the shunt voltage on an adjustable shunt regulator 01 Sep 2011
User guide A 90-W High-Efficiency, LLC Series-Resonant Converter 03 Nov 2010
Analog Design Journal Q1 2009 Issue Analog Applications Journal 11 Mar 2009
Analog Design Journal Using a portable-power boost converter in an isolated flyback application 11 Mar 2009
Application note Designing Switching Voltage Regulators With the TL494 (Rev. E) 26 Jul 2005

Design & development

For additional terms or required resources, click any title below to view the detail page where available.

Evaluation board

ATL431EVM-001 — ATL431 adjustable shunt regulator evaluation module

The ATL431EVM-001 evaluation module (EVM) features the functionality and adjustability of the ATL431 by letting you program the cathode voltage with various resistor values. You can also set the cathode current using the various resistors in series with the supply. (...)

User guide: PDF
Not available on TI.com
Simulation model

SPICE Model of TL431

SLOJ174.ZIP (0 KB) - Spice Model
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Simulation model

TL431 Family Unencrypted PSpice Transient and AC Model (Rev. B)

SLVM071B.ZIP (130 KB) - PSpice Model
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Simulation model

TL431x, TL432x TINA-TI AC Reference Design

SLVM165.TSC (65 KB) - TINA-TI Reference Design
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Simulation model

TL431x, TL432x TINA-TI Transient & AC Spice Model

SLVM163.ZIP (4 KB) - TINA-TI Spice Model
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Simulation model

TL431x, TL432x TINA-TI Transient Reference Design

SLVM164.TSC (82 KB) - TINA-TI Reference Design
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Calculation tool

SHUNT-REFERENCE-CALC — Shunt Reference Selector and Design Calculator

This tool guides the user through the design process for the TLx431 and LM40x0 family of shunt voltage references. This calculator will recommend resistance and capacitance values to optimally meet the user's desired specifications.
Supported products & hardware

Supported products & hardware

Products
Shunt voltage references
ATL431 — 2.5-V low-IQ adjustable precision shunt regulator ATL431LI — Low-IQ programmable shunt regulator offered in an ultra-small DQN package ATL431LI-Q1 — Automotive, high-bandwidth, low-IQ programmable shunt regulator (pinout: KRA) ATL432 — 2.5-V precision programmable shunt regulator ATL432LI — High-bandwidth, low-IQ programmable shunt regulator (pinout: RKA) ATL432LI-Q1 — Automotive, high-bandwidth, low-IQ programmable shunt regulator (pinout: RKA) LM4030 — Ultra-high-precision shunt voltage reference LM4040 — Fixed voltage, 45-µA, precision micropower shunt voltage reference LM4040-N — 100-ppm/°C precision micropower shunt voltage reference LM4040-N-Q1 — Automotive, 100-ppm/°C precision micropower shunt voltage reference LM4040C25-EP — Enhanced Product 2.5-V Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference, 0.5% accuracy LM4041-N — Fixed & adjustable, 45-µA, precision micropower shunt voltage reference LM4041-N-Q1 — Automotive, precision micropower shunt voltage reference LM4041A12 — 1.2-V precision micropower shunt voltage reference with 0.1% accuracy LM4041B — Adjustable, precision micropower shunt voltage reference with 0.2% accuracy LM4041B12 — 1.2-V precision micropower shunt voltage reference with 0.2% accuracy LM4041C — Adjustable, precision micropower shunt voltage reference with 0.5% accuracy LM4041C12 — 1.2-V precision micropower shunt voltage reference with 0.5% accuracy LM4041D — Adjustable, precision micropower shunt voltage reference with 1% accuracy LM4041D12 — 1.2-V precision micropower shunt voltage reference with 1% accuracy LM4050-N — 50-ppm/°C precision micropower shunt voltage reference LM4050-N-Q1 — Automotive, 50-ppm/°C precision micropower shunt voltage reference LM4050QML-SP — Radiation-hardened QMLV, 2.5-V or 5-V shunt voltage reference LM4051-N — Fixed & adjustable, precision micropower shunt voltage reference LMV431 — 1.5%, low-voltage (1.24-V) adjustable precision shunt regulator LMV431A — 1%, low-voltage (1.24-V) adjustable precision shunt regulator LMV431B — 0.5%, low-voltage (1.24-V) adjustable precision shunt regulator TL431 — Adjustable precision shunt regulator TL431-Q1 — Automotive adjustable precision shunt regulator (pin layout: KRA) TL431C — 2% adjustable precision shunt regulator TL431LI — Adjustable precision shunt regulator with optimized reference current (pin layout: KRA) TL431LI-Q1 — Automotive, adjustable, precision shunt regulator with optimized reference current TL432 — Adjustable precision shunt regulator (reverse pinout) TL432-Q1 — Automotive adjustable precision shunt regulator (pin layout: RKA) TL432LI — Adjustable precision shunt regulator with optimized reference current (pin layout: RKA) TL432LI-Q1 — Automotive, adjustable, precision shunt regulator with optimized reference current TLA431 — All-capacitor stable precision programmable reference with KRA pin layout TLA432 — All-capacitor stable precision programmable reference with RKA pin layout TLV431 — 1.5% accuracy, low-voltage, adjustable precision shunt regulator TLV431A — 1% accuracy, low-voltage, adjustable precision shunt regulator TLV431A-Q1 — Automotive, low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator TLV431B — 0.5% accuracy, low-voltage, adjustable precision shunt regulator TLV431B-Q1 — Automotive, low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator TLVH431 — 1.5% low-voltage wide-operating current adjustable precision shunt regulator TLVH431A — 1% low-voltage wide-operating current adjustable precision shunt regulator TLVH431A-Q1 — Automotive, low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator TLVH431B — 0.5% low-voltage wide-operating current adjustable precision shunt regulator TLVH431B-EP — Enhanced-plastic 0.5% low-voltage wide-operating-current adjustable precision shunt regulator TLVH431B-Q1 — Automotive, low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator (reverse pinout) TLVH432 — 1.5% low-voltage wide-operating current adjustable precision shunt regulator (reverse pinout) TLVH432A — 1% low-voltage wide-operating current adjustable precision shunt regulator (reverse pinout) TLVH432B — 0.5% low-voltage wide-operating current adjustable precision shunt regulator (reverse pinout)
General-purpose op amps
TLV4313 — Quad, 5.5-V, 1-MHz, low quiescent current (65-μA), RRIO operational amplifier TLV4314 — Quad, 5.5-V, 3-MHz, RRIO operational amplifier TLV4314-Q1 — Automotive-grade, quad, 5.5-V, 3-MHz, RRIO operational amplifier TLV4316 — Quad, 5.5-V, 10-MHz, RRIO operational amplifier TLV4316-Q1 — Automotive-grade, quad, 5.5-V, 10-MHz, RRIO operational amplifier TLV4379 — Quad, 5.5-V, 90-kHz, low quiescent current (4-μA), RRIO operational amplifier
Precision op amps (Vos<1mV)
TLV4333 — Quad, 350-kHz, low-noise, RRIO, CMOS operational amplifier for cost-sensitive systems TLV4376 — Quad 5.5-MHz, 100-µV offset, 8-nV/√Hz noise, 815-µA power, precision operational amplifiers TLV4387 — Quad, ultra-high-precision (10 μV) zero-drift (0.01 μV/°C) low-input-bias-current op amp
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Calculation tool

TL431CALC — TL431 Design Calculator

The TL431CALC spreadsheet calculates all component parameters for any desired output voltage for the TL43x, TLV43x and TL1431. The spreadsheet includes limits for each device. Resistor values are calculated to the nearest 1% value.

Supported products & hardware

Supported products & hardware

Products
Shunt voltage references
TL1431 — Precision adjustable (programmable) shunt reference TL431 — Adjustable precision shunt regulator TL432 — Adjustable precision shunt regulator (reverse pinout) TLV431 — 1.5% accuracy, low-voltage, adjustable precision shunt regulator
Software
Calculation tool
TL431CALC — TL431 component calculator
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Simulation tool

PSPICE-FOR-TI — PSpice® for TI design and simulation tool

PSpice® for TI is a design and simulation environment that helps evaluate functionality of analog circuits. This full-featured, design and simulation suite uses an analog analysis engine from Cadence®. Available at no cost, PSpice for TI includes one of the largest model libraries in the (...)
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Many TI reference designs include the TL431

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Package Pins CAD symbols, footprints & 3D models
PDIP (P) 8 Ultra Librarian
SOIC (D) 8 Ultra Librarian
SOP (PS) 8 Ultra Librarian
SOT-23 (DBV) 5 Ultra Librarian
SOT-23 (DBZ) 3 Ultra Librarian
SOT-89 (PK) 3 Ultra Librarian
SOT-SC70 (DCK) 6 Ultra Librarian
TO-92 (LP) 3 Ultra Librarian
TSSOP (PW) 8 Ultra Librarian
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