SLVSDV8 July   2017 TPS54424

PRODUCTION DATA.  

  1. 1 Features
  2. 2 Applications
    1.     Simplified Schematic
  3. 3 Description
    1.     Efficiency
  4. 4 Revision History
  5. 5 Pin Configuration and Functions
    1.     Pin Functions
  6. 6 Specifications
    1. 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
    2. 6.2 ESD Ratings
    3. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
    4. 6.4 Thermal Information
    5. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics
    6. 6.6 Switching Characteristics
    7. 6.7 Timing Requirements
    8. 6.8 Typical Characteristics
  7. 7 Detailed Description
    1. 7.1 Overview
    2. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram
    3. 7.3 Feature Description
      1. 7.3.1  Fixed Frequency PWM Control
      2. 7.3.2  Continuous Conduction Mode Operation (CCM)
      3. 7.3.3  VIN Pins and VIN UVLO
      4. 7.3.4  Voltage Reference and Adjusting the Output Voltage
      5. 7.3.5  Error Amplifier
      6. 7.3.6  Enable and Adjustable UVLO
      7. 7.3.7  Soft Start and Tracking
      8. 7.3.8  Safe Start-up into Pre-Biased Outputs
      9. 7.3.9  Power Good
      10. 7.3.10 Sequencing (SS/TRK)
      11. 7.3.11 Adjustable Switching Frequency (RT Mode)
      12. 7.3.12 Synchronization (CLK Mode)
      13. 7.3.13 Bootstrap Voltage and 100% Duty Cycle Operation (BOOT)
      14. 7.3.14 Output Overvoltage Protection (OVP)
      15. 7.3.15 Overcurrent Protection
        1. 7.3.15.1 High-side MOSFET Overcurrent Protection
        2. 7.3.15.2 Low-side MOSFET Overcurrent Protection
    4. 7.4 Device Functional Modes
  8. 8 Application and Implementation
    1. 8.1 Application Information
    2. 8.2 Typical Application
      1. 8.2.1 Design Requirements
      2. 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
        1. 8.2.2.1  Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools
        2. 8.2.2.2  Switching Frequency
        3. 8.2.2.3  Output Inductor Selection
        4. 8.2.2.4  Output Capacitor
        5. 8.2.2.5  Input Capacitor
        6. 8.2.2.6  Output Voltage Resistors Selection
        7. 8.2.2.7  Soft-start Capacitor Selection
        8. 8.2.2.8  Undervoltage Lockout Set Point
        9. 8.2.2.9  Bootstrap Capacitor Selection
        10. 8.2.2.10 PGOOD Pull-up Resistor
        11. 8.2.2.11 Compensation
      3. 8.2.3 Application Curves
  9. 9 Power Supply Recommendations
  10. 10Layout
    1. 10.1 Layout Guidelines
    2. 10.2 Layout Example
    3. 10.3 Alternate Layout Example
  11. 11Device and Documentation Support
    1. 11.1 Document Support
      1. 11.1.1 Custom Design With WEBENCH® Tools
    2. 11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
    3. 11.3 Community Resources
    4. 11.4 Trademarks
    5. 11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
    6. 11.6 Glossary
  12. 12Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

Package Options

Refer to the PDF data sheet for device specific package drawings

Mechanical Data (Package|Pins)
  • RNV|18
Thermal pad, mechanical data (Package|Pins)
Orderable Information

8.2.2.4 Output Capacitor

There are two primary considerations for selecting the value of the output capacitor. The output voltage ripple and how the regulator responds to a large change in load current. The output capacitance needs to be selected based on the more stringent of these two criteria.

The desired response to a large change in the load current is the first criteria and is typically the most stringent. A regulator does not respond immediately to a large, fast increase or decrease in load current. The output capacitor supplies or absorbs charge until the regulator responds to the load step. The control loop needs to sense the change in the output voltage then adjust the peak switch current in response to the change in load. The minimum output capacitance is selected based on an estimate of the loop bandwidth. Typically the loop bandwidth is fSW/10. Equation 18 estimates the minimum output capacitance necessary, where ΔIOUT is the change in output current and ΔVOUT is the allowable change in the output voltage.

For this example, the transient load response is specified as a 4% change in VOUT for a load step of 2 A. Therefore, ΔIOUT is 2 A and ΔVOUT is 72 mV. Using these numbers gives a minimum capacitance of 63 μF. This value does not take the ESR of the output capacitor into account in the output voltage change. For ceramic capacitors, the effect of the ESR can be small enough to be ignored. Aluminum electrolytic and tantalum capacitors have higher ESR that must be considered for load step response.

Equation 19 calculates the minimum output capacitance needed to meet the output voltage ripple specification. Where fsw is the switching frequency, Vripple is the maximum allowable output voltage ripple, and Iripple is the inductor ripple current. In this case, the target maximum output voltage ripple is 9 mV. Under this requirement, Equation 19 yields 25 μF.

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Equation 18. TPS54424 EQ_Cout_SLVSDV8.gif

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Equation 19. TPS54424 eq17_co_lvs946.gif

Where:

  • ΔIOUT is the change in output current
  • ΔVOUT is the allowable change in the output voltage
  • fsw is the regulators switching frequency

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Equation 20 calculates the maximum combined ESR the output capacitors can have to meet the output voltage ripple specification and this shows the ESR should be less than 7 mΩ. In this case ceramic capacitors will be used and the ESR of ceramic capacitors is typically much less than 7 mΩ. Capacitors also have limits to the amount of ripple current they can handle without producing excess heat and failing. An output capacitor that can support the inductor ripple current must be specified. Capacitor datasheets specify the RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the maximum ripple current. Equation 21 can be used to calculate the RMS ripple current the output capacitor needs to support. For this application, Equation 21 yields 370 mA and the ceramic capacitors used in this design will have a ripple current rating much higher than this.

Equation 20. TPS54424 eq18_resr_lvs946.gif

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Equation 21. TPS54424 eq19_icor_lv46.gif

X5R and X7R ceramic dielectrics or similar should be selected for power regulator capacitors because they have a high capacitance to volume ratio and are fairly stable over temperature. The output capacitor must also be selected with the DC bias and AC voltage derating taken into account. The derated capacitance value of a ceramic capacitor due to DC voltage bias and AC RMS voltage is usually found on the manufacturer's website. For this application example, one 100 μF 6.3 V 1210 X5R ceramic capacitor with 2 mΩ of ESR is used. The estimated capacitance after derating using the capacitor manufacturer's website is 80 µF.