8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

Incremental encoders are used on knobs, wheels, motors, and flow meters to measure relative rotary movement. By attaching a ring magnet to the rotating component and placing a DRV5015-Q1 nearby, the sensor generates voltage pulses as the magnet turns. If directional information is also needed (clockwise versus counterclockwise), a second DRV5015-Q1 can be added with a phase offset, and then the order of transitions between the two signals describes the direction.

Creating this phase offset requires spacing the two sensors apart on the PCB, and an ideal 90° quadrature offset is attained when the sensors are separated by half the length of each magnet pole, plus any integer number of pole lengths. Figure 20 shows this configuration because the sensors are 1.5 pole lengths apart. One of the sensors changes its output every 360° / 8 poles / 2 sensors = 22.5° of rotation. For reference, the TIDA-00480 TI Design Considerations Automotive Hall Sensor Rotary Encoder uses a 66-pole magnet with changes every 2.7°.

The maximum rotational speed that can be measured is limited by the sensor bandwidth. Generally, the bandwidth must be faster than two times the number of poles per second. In this design example, the maximum speed is 45000 RPM, which involves 6000 poles per second. The DRV5015-Q1 sensing bandwidth is typically 30 kHz, which is five times the pole frequency. In systems where the sensor sampling rate is close to two times the number of poles per second, most of the samples measure a magnetic field that is significantly lower than the peak value, because the peaks only occur when the sensor and pole are perfectly aligned. In this case, add margin by applying a stronger magnetic field that has peaks significantly higher than the maximum B_OP.