For best operational performance of the device, use good printed circuit board (PCB) layout practices, including:
- Noise can propagate into analog circuitry through the power pins of the circuit as a whole and of the op amp itself. Bypass capacitors are used to reduce the coupled noise by providing low-impedance power sources local to the analog circuitry.
- Connect low-ESR, 0.1-µF ceramic bypass capacitors between each supply pin and ground, placed as close to the device as possible. A single bypass capacitor from V+ to ground is applicable for single-supply applications.
- Separate grounding for analog and digital
portions of circuitry is one of the simplest and most effective methods of noise
suppression. One or more layers on multilayer PCBs are usually devoted to ground
planes. A ground plane helps distribute heat and reduces electromagnetic interference
(EMI) noise pickup. Take care to physically separate digital and analog grounds. Use
thermal signatures or EMI measurement techniques to determine where the majority of
the ground current is flowing and be sure to route this path away from sensitive
analog circuitry.
- To reduce parasitic coupling, run the input traces as far away from the supply or output traces as possible. If these traces cannot be kept separate, crossing the sensitive trace at a 90° angle is much better as opposed to running the traces in parallel with the noisy trace.
- Place the external components as close to the device as possible, as shown in Figure 10-2. Keeping RF and RG close to the inverting input minimizes parasitic capacitance.
- Keep the length of input traces as short as possible. Remember that the input traces are the most sensitive part of the circuit.
- Consider a driven, low-impedance guard ring around the critical traces. A guard ring may significantly reduce leakage currents from nearby traces that are at different potentials.
- Cleaning the PCB following board assembly is recommended for best performance.
- Any precision integrated circuit can experience performance shifts resulting from moisture ingress into the plastic package. Following any aqueous PCB cleaning process, baking the PCB assembly is recommended to remove moisture introduced into the device packaging during the cleaning process. A low-temperature, post-cleaning bake at 85°C for 30 minutes is sufficient for most circumstances.