SLVS510E July 2006 – March 2015 TPS61070 , TPS61071 , TPS61072 , TPS61073
PRODUCTION DATA.
- 1 Features
- 2 Applications
- 3 Description
- 4 Typical Application Circuit
- 5 Revision History
- 6 Device Comparison Table
- 7 Pin Configuration and Functions
- 8 Specifications
- 9 Parameter Measurement Information
- 10Detailed Description
- 11Application and Implementation
- 12Power Supply Recommendations
- 13Layout
- 14Device and Documentation Support
- 15Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
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10 Detailed Description
10.1 Overview
The TPS6107x devices provide a power supply solution for products powered by either a one-cell, two-cell, or three-cell alkaline, NiCd or NiMH, or one-cell Li-ion or Li-polymer battery. Output currents can go as high as 75 mA while using a single-cell alkaline, and discharge it down to 0.9 V. It can also be used for generating 5 V at 200 mA from a 3.3 V rail or a Li-ion battery. The boost converter is based on a fixed frequency, pulse-width-modulation (PWM) controller using a synchronous rectifier to obtain maximum efficiency. At low load currents the TPS61070 and TPS61073 enter the power-save mode to maintain a high efficiency over a wide load current range. The power-save mode is disabled in the TPS61071 and TPS61072, forcing the converters to operate at a fixed switching frequency. The maximum peak current in the boost switch is typically limited to a value of 600 mA. The TPS6107x output voltage is programmed by an external resistor divider. The converter can be disabled to minimize battery drain. During shutdown, the load is completely disconnected from the battery.
10.2 Functional Block Diagram
10.3 Feature Description
10.3.1 Controller Circuit
The controller circuit of the device is based on a fixed frequency multiple feedforward controller topology. Input voltage, output voltage, and voltage drop on the NMOS switch are monitored and forwarded to the regulator. So, changes in the operating conditions of the converter directly affect the duty cycle and must not take the indirect and slow way through the control loop and the error amplifier. The control loop, determined by the error amplifier, only has to handle small signal errors. The input for it is the feedback voltage on the FB pin. It is compared with the internal reference voltage to generate an accurate and stable output voltage.
The peak current of the NMOS switch is also sensed to limit the maximum current flowing through the switch and the inductor. The typical peak-current limit is set to 600 mA. An internal temperature sensor prevents the device from getting overheated in case of excessive power dissipation.
10.3.1.1 Synchronous Rectifier
The device integrates an N-channel and a P-channel MOSFET transistor to realize a synchronous rectifier. Because the commonly used discrete Schottky rectifier is replaced with a low RDS(on) PMOS switch, the power conversion efficiency reaches values above 90%. A special circuit is applied to disconnect the load from the input during shutdown of the converter. In conventional synchronous rectifier circuits, the backgate diode of the high-side PMOS is forward biased in shutdown and allows current flowing from the battery to the output. However, this device uses a special circuit which takes the cathode of the backgate diode of the high-side PMOS and disconnects it from the source when the regulator is not enabled (EN = low).
The benefit of this feature for the system design engineer is that the battery is not depleted during shutdown of the converter. No additional components must be added to the design to make sure that the battery is disconnected from the output of the converter.
10.3.1.2 Device Enable
The device is put into operation when EN is set high. It is put into a shutdown mode when EN is set to GND. In shutdown mode, the regulator stops switching, all internal control circuitry is switched off, and the load is isolated from the input (as described in the Synchronous Rectifier section). This also means that the output voltage can drop below the input voltage during shutdown. During start-up of the converter, the duty cycle and the peak current are limited in order to avoid high-peak currents drawn from the battery.
10.3.1.3 Undervoltage Lockout
An undervoltage lockout function prevents the device from operating if the supply voltage on VBAT is lower than approximately 0.8 V. When in operation and the battery is being discharged, the device automatically enters the shutdown mode if the voltage on VBAT drops below approximately 0.8 V. This undervoltage lockout function is implemented in order to prevent the malfunctioning of the converter.
10.3.1.4 Soft Start and Short-Circuit Protection
When the device enables, the internal start-up cycle starts with the first step, the precharge phase. During precharge, the rectifying switch is turned on until the output capacitor is charged to a value close to the input voltage. The rectifying switch is current limited during this phase. The current limit increases with the output voltage. This circuit also limits the output current under short-circuit conditions at the output. Figure 11 shows the typical precharge current vs output voltage for specific input voltages:
Figure 11. Precharge and Short-Circuit Current
After charging the output capacitor to the input voltage, the device starts switching. If the input voltage is below 1.8 V, the device works with a fixed duty cycle of 70% until the output voltage reaches 1.8 V. After that the duty cycle is set depending on the input output voltage ratio. Until the output voltage reaches its nominal value, the boost switch current limit is set to 50% of its nominal value to avoid high peak currents at the battery during start-up. As soon as the output voltage is reached, the regulator takes control, and the switch current limit is set back to 100%.
10.4 Device Functional Modes
10.4.1 Power-Save Mode
The TPS61070 and TPS61073 are capable of operating in two different modes. At light loads, when the inductor current becomes zero, they automatically enter the power-save mode to improve efficiency. In the power-save mode, the converters only operate when the output voltage trips below a set threshold voltage. It ramps up the output voltage with one or several pulses and returns to the power-save mode once the output voltage exceeds the set threshold voltage. If output power demand increases and the inductor current no longer goes below zero, the device again enters the fixed PWM mode. In this mode, there is no difference between the PWM only versions TPS61071 and TPS61072 and the power-save mode enabled versions TPS61070 and TPS61073.