1 Introduction

To minimize the power dissipation inside an op amp, and thus to improve efficiency of the solution, most of the resolver type of applications are powered from the sub-regulated voltage supply below the battery voltage. For this reason, most high current output amplifiers used in the automotive resolver applications, like ALM2402F-Q1 and ALM2403-Q1, must be fault protected at the PCB level against possible over-voltage (EOS), and or excessive output current, caused by accidental shorting of the amplifier output to the battery or other voltage source beyond the op amp’s power supplies. Since the battery voltage may be higher than the amplifier’s power supply voltage, or even higher than op amp absolute maximum rated voltage, any accidental shorting of the op amp output to the battery may result in damaging the part and thus must be protected.