String inverter

Products and reference designs

String inverter

Block diagram

Overview

Our integrated circuits and reference designs help you accelerate development of solar string inverters, improving power density and efficiency while providing real-time communication and monitoring.

Design requirements

    String inverter designs require innovative technology to achieve:

  • Long-system lifespan.
  • Low-output distortion.
  • Accurate analog measurement of voltage and current.
  • High efficiency and power density.

Extend the capabilities of this application

Block diagram

Find products and reference designs for your system.

Three Phase String Inverter

Grid connection Grid connection PV string input PV string input IO voltages IO voltages Internal rail Internal rail Isolated power (for Gate drivers) Isolated power(for Gate drivers) OR OR PV input for system power PV input for system power Grid input for system power Grid input for system power Input current & voltage sense Input current & voltage sense AMP AMP AMP AMP Current sensor Current sensor Current Current Voltage Voltage DC/DC power stage DC/DC power stage Temp sensor Temp sensor Gate drivers Gate drivers Boost converter Boost converter PWM PWM DC/AC power stage DC/AC power stage H-Bridge-, T-Type-, ANPC-, Flying cap-inverter H-Bridge-, T-Type-, ANPC-, Flying cap-inverter N N Gate driver Gate driver Gate driver Gate driver Gate driver Gate driver Temp sensor Tempsensor L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 Output current & voltage sense Output current & voltage sense Current Current Voltage Voltage AMP AMP AMP AMP L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 N N Current sensors Current sensors Relay control power stage Relay control power stage Relay driver Relay driver Relays Relays DC/DC logic DC/DC logic Gates & buffers Gates & buffers DC/AC logic DC/AC logic Gates & buffers Gates & buffers Self-diagnostics/monitoring Self-diagnostics/monitoring Arc fault detection Arc fault detection Insulation monitoring Insulation monitoring Analog front end Analog front end ADC ADC Reference Reference Optional Integrated in MCU OptionalIntegrated in MCU Digital processing Digital processing MCU MCU SVS SVS RTC RTC Signal isolation Signal isolation Data isolation Data isolation Optional Optional Wired interface Wired interface Ethernet Ethernet PLC PLC USB USB RS-485 RS-485 RS-232 RS-232 Wireless interface Wireless interface Wi-Fi Wi-Fi ZigBee ZigBee Sub-1 GHz Sub-1 GHz Bluetooth Bluetooth Output user interface Output user interface LED driver LED driver Low side isolated DC/DC power supply Low side isolated DC/DC power supply Isolated DC/DC Isolated DC/DC High side isolated DC/DC power supply High side isolated DC/DC power supply Isolated DC/DC Isolated DC/DC Isolated AC/DC power supply Isolated AC/DC power supply Isolated AC/DC Isolated AC/DC Non-isolated DC/DC power supply Non-isolated DC/DC power supply DC/DC DC/DC LDO LDO Bus current & voltage sense Bus current & voltage sense AMP AMP AMP AMP Current sensor Current sensor Current Current Voltage Voltage

Input current & voltage sense

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Accurate and high speed sensory data of the various power busses in the solar inverter is required to effectively control the power electronics and ensure operational safety. Isolated sensory techniques are routinely used due to the high voltages involved.

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Isolation (8)
Isolated amplifiers
  • AMC0311SPrecision 2V-input reinforced isolated amplifier with fixed gain, single-ended output
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • AMC1300±250-mV input, precision current sensing reinforced isolated amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • AMC1301±250 mV-Input Precision Reinforced Isolated Amplifier for Current Sensing
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • AMC13112-V input, precision voltage sensing reinforced isolated amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • AMC1200±250-mV input, precision current sensing basic isolated amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • AMC14112-V input, precision voltage sensing reinforced isolated amplifier with high CMTI
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
Isolated ADCs
  • AMC1304M25±250-mV input, precision current sensing reinforced isolated modulator with LDO
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • AMC3306M05±50-mV input, precision current sensing reinforced isolated modulator with integrated DC/DC
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
Amplifiers (18)
General-purpose op amps
  • TL074HQuad, 40-V, 5-MHz, 4-mV offset voltage, 20-V/µs, In to V+ op amp with -40°C to 125°C operation
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TLV9004Quad, 5.5-V, 1-MHz, RRIO operational amplifier for cost-optimized applications
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TLV9061Single, 5.5-V, 10-MHz, RRIO operational amplifier for cost-optimized applications
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • OPA310Single, 5.5-V, 3-MHz high-output-current (150 mA) fast-shutdown (1 μs) operational amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TLV9302Dual, 40-V, 1-MHz, low-power operational amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TLV9064Quad, 5.5-V, 10-MHz, RRIO operational amplifier for cost-optimized applications
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
Precision op amps (Vos<1mV)
  • OPA2392Dual, low-offset (10μV), low-noise (4.4nV/rtHz @10kHz) femtoamp-bias-current e-trim™ op amp
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • OPA2189Dual, 14-MHz, MUX-friendly, low-noise, zero-drift, RRO, CMOS precision operational amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • OPA21880.03µV/°C, 6µV Vos, Low Noise, Rail-to-Rail Output, 36V Zero-Drift Operational Amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • OPA21800.1 uV/°C DRIFT, Low Noise, Rail-to-Rail Output, 36V Zero-Drift Op Amp
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • OPA2320Dual, precision, zero-crossover, 20-MHz, 0.9-pA Ib, RRIO, CMOS operational amplifier
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TLV4376Quad 5.5-MHz, 100-µV offset, 8-nV/√Hz noise, 815-µA power, precision operational amplifiers
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
Comparators
  • LM2901B36-V, quad differential standard comparator
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • LM393LV'1.65-V to 5.5-V, low-voltage dual commodity comparator
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TLV7011Low power, small size comparator with push-pull output
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • LM2903BDual industrial grade standard comparator
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • LM339B36-V, -40°C to 85°C quad standard comparator
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TLV1851Single nanopower high-voltage comparator with push-pull output
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
Sensors (4)
Hall-effect current sensors
  • TMCS112680ARMS 500kHz Hall-effect current sensor with AFR, reference and ALERT
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TMCS1126-Q1AEC-Q100 qualified 80ARMS 500kHz Hall-effect current sensor with AFR, reference and ALERT
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TMCS113380ARMS 1MHz Hall-effect current sensor with AFR and ALERT
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TMCS1123±1300V reinforced isolation, 80ARMS 250kHz Hall-effect current sensor with AFR, reference and ALERT
    Data sheet: PDF | HTML
  • TIDA-00912Shunt-Based High Current Measurement (200-A) Reference Design with Reinforced Isolation Amplifier
    Design guide: PDF Schematic: PDF
  • TIDA-01093810kW, GaN-based single-phase string inverter with battery energy storage system reference design
    Design guide: PDF | HTML Schematic: PDF
  • TIDA-01541High-Bandwidth Phase Current and DC-Link Voltage Sensing Reference Design for Three-Phase Inverters
    Design guide: PDF Schematic: PDF
Hardware development
Evaluation board
  • AMC3302EVM AMC3302 evaluation module for ±50-mV-input precision reinforced isolated amplifier
  • AMC3306EVM AMC3306 precision reinforced isolated modulator with integrated DC/DC converter evaluation module
  • AMC1302EVM AMC1302 evaluation module for ±50-mV-input, high-precision, reinforced isolated amplifier
  • AMC1306EVM AMC1306 small reinforced isolated modulator evaluation module

Technical documentation

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Type Title Date
Application note Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems Maximum Power Point Tracking 29 Nov 2010
White paper Impact of an isolated gate driver (Rev. A) 28 Feb 2019
Application note Digitally Controlled HV Solar MPPT DC-DC Converter Using C2000 Piccolo MCU 23 Feb 2015
White paper Smart power opens door to more efficient electrical use 21 Mar 2016
White paper Four key design considerations when adding energy storage to solar power grids 19 Apr 2021
Application note Designing a Simple and Low-Cost Flybuck Solution With the TPS54308 (Rev. A) 18 Oct 2019
White paper Demystifying high-voltage power electronics for solar inverters 18 Jun 2018
White paper 為太陽能電網增添儲能功能的四項 重要設計考量 13 May 2021
Application note Comparative Analysis of Two Different Methods for Gate-Drive Current Boosting (Rev. A) PDF | HTML 11 May 2022
Application note Interfacing the C2000 with an AFE03x: B-FSK Example (Rev. D) PDF | HTML 11 May 2022
Application note Using a Single-Output Gate-Driver for High-Side or Low-Side Drive (Rev. B) PDF | HTML 08 Sep 2023
Application note Power Topology Considerations for Solar String Inverters and Energy Storage Systems (Rev. A) PDF | HTML 05 Dec 2024
More literature Smart Relays for Solar Inverters 03 May 2012
More literature Powering IGBT Drivers with Fly-Buck™ 03 Dec 2015
Technical article Stay ahead of the energy storage and solar game with bidirectional PFC and hybrid PDF | HTML 02 Aug 2023
Application brief Understanding Peak IOH and IOL Currents (Rev. A) 01 Apr 2020

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